Organization analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization analysis - Assignment Example Along with increasing revenues the company also maintains its responsibilities towards society. The company works towards improving the community’s life and upgrading its technology to meet the requirements of the world (Tata Motors, n.d.). The areas which have been analyzed in the project are the organizational structural and behavioral issues which evolved in Tata Motors due to the acquisition. Firstly a number of cultural barriers emerged in the organization. The merging of two cultures was a challenge confronting the company. The organization required restructuring to align with that of Daewoo. Certain modifications were required to reorganize the divisions, streamlining operations and working on the costs. The organization had to handle the psychological issues of people arising out of their apprehensions about their future in the organization. Human resource issues like the compensation structures and grading systems were also required to be brought to a common platform. The important learning point is that the successful handling of the human resource issues is most critical for the success of an acquisition process. Employees of the acquired company are bound to have apprehensions about their future in the company. They could suffer from low motivation and morale. The acquirer should focus on introducing such strategies which would reduce the cultural barriers and enhance their performance. One way would be implement a fair and justified compensation stricture for all employees. At times the organization might also plan to give extra remuneration to the employees of the acquired company. This would boost their confidence level. The organization should also define the future organization roles of employees. It should be absolutely clear about its future expectation from the employees. If there is any change in the responsibilities and activities of employees then it should be communicated to the employees. Employees should not be

Foreign Investment in Malaysia and Its Impact on Economic Growth Essay Example for Free

Foreign Investment in Malaysia and Its Impact on Economic Growth Essay Foreign direct investment (FDI) means an international capital flows in which a firm in one country creates or expands a subsidiary in another (Krugman Obstfeld, 2006). Directly, it means the subsidiary not only has the financial obligation towards its parent company, it extends to the same organizational structure and value. Theoretically, companies involve in FDI due to cost saving on the location, usage of abundance resources, technology transfer, vertical integration (coordinating supply and demand to an agreed price) and currency exchange that will reduce cost and increase value to shareholders. FDI in a host country is expecting to boost the manufacturing and services industry and consequently boost up the economy. FDI impact on economy and social The area has been widely studied by economist and among others, in East Asia, FDI is used as channel of increasing capital stock and it has positive effect on the economic growth in Vietnam (Thu Thi, Paitoon, Bangorn, 2010) and more growth in Vietnam if the invest is done in education, training, financial market development (Anwar Lan Phi, 2010). FDI increase wages of skilled and unskilled labour (Oladi, Gilbert, Beladi, 2011) and it could increase the household spending in the host country. However, the distance of investors from origin country to destination or host country plays an important role in promoting FDI in the latter. This is a sample of macroeconomic gravity impact whereby the investors easily commute from their home country and understanding of the custom and language could reduce the barrier in communication. Foreign investment could contribute in ethical and structural norm in an organization rather than the western cultural transfers. Local cultural norm shall be adhered to during the negotiation process in order to have a win-win situation between investors and local entrepreneur. It is also discussed that political stress may impacted the inflow of FDI by tightening the rules and regulation which in turn will make the investment environment in destination country is less attractive compare to global environment. FDI are positive correlated with network (Shaner Maznevski, 2011) and regional integration (Nathapornpan Piyaareekul Peridy, 2009); host countries’ levels of financial market and institutional development, better governance and appropriate macroeconomic policies (Polpat, Bangorn, Paitoon, 2011; Vadlamannati, Tamazian, Irala, 2009); productive improvement and learning experience from previous FDI (Takechi, 2011). Therefore, a good support from the government is vital in promoting the FDI in host country. Not only FDI expect good support from the government, study shows that FDI creates instability and worsen crisis (Kazi, 2011). The way to control FDIs in one country are defined the terms and sectors which they are allowed to invest; do a thorough risk assessment on the portfolio; and resolve global dispute in an organization such as World Trade Organization (Cohen, 2009). FDI and determinants are co-integrated. Among determinants FDI factors in Malaysia are openness of a company, interest rates, inflation rate, China joining WTO1 and level of corruption.(Ting-Yong Tuck-Cheong, 2010). Comparing to ASEAN as a whole, FDI is looked as more market-seeking rather than profit-seeking due to growing internal markets (Siew-Yong, Chen-Chen, Hui-Boon, 2010). Contrary, Prema-chandra and Swarnim (2011) found that FDI in Malaysia has eroded compare to outflow to another countries. World Trade Organization Facts on FDI in Malaysia (2002-2011) Annual percentage growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources2. Data from World Bank (Chart 1 and Chart 2) revealed that FDI into Malaysia has a significant increment over past decade. However, there was a drop of FDI net inflows in 2009, due to world economic recession in 2008. The uptrend is picking up to a highest point at approximately USD12 billion from the last decade. Comparing to our neighboring country, Thailand, whom has a higher GDP, it has the same effect except the decline trend after 2010. It might be influenced by political crisis in Thailand since 2008 that effected international companies’ decision to extend their business in Thailand. From Chart 3, we gathered that the gross capital formation for Malaysia approximately between 20% to 25% of our GDP, with the lowest point at 17.84% in 2009 after 2008 recession. Foreign investment inflows are following the same trend and it clearly shows that FDI dropped synchronize with capital formation following the recession.

General Overview Of Ecommerce Information Technology Essay

General Overview Of Ecommerce Information Technology Essay Electronic commerce is the term used for any type of business or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of products, services and information over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. The trader and customer are not face to face at any point during these transactions, the business being conducted remotely, regardless of location. E-commerce covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge. Almost all big retailers are present on the World Wide Web. Although most electronic commerce involves the physical transportation of items in one way or another, a large percentage of e-commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items, such as access to certain information on a website, purchasing software or other on-line services. E-business is a superset of e-commerce  [1]  , as it is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. The financing and payment aspects of business transactions are facilitated by the exchange of data. E-commerce can be mainly divided into Business-to-Business electronic commerce (B2B) and Business-to-Consumer electronic commerce (B2C). B2B implies that both sellers (suppliers) and buyers are business corporations, while B2C implies that buyers are individual consumers. Business-to-business e-commerce differs significantly from business-to-consumer e-commerce. Most B2B commerce is done through negotiated contracts which allow the seller to anticipate and plan for amount a buyer will purchase; while B2C merchants, on the other hand, sell on a first-come, first serve basis. 1.1.1. B2B e-commerce B2B e-commerce does not just consist of the transaction via the Internet, but also the exchange of information before and the service after a transaction. From the purchasing companys point of view, B2B e-commerce is a medium for facilitating procurement management by reducing the purchase price and the cycle time.  [2]   The key players in a B2B e-commerce transaction usually include selling and buying companies, deliverers, and often some type of electronic intermediaries, or third-party service providers. This type of business transaction may take many forms, yet most fall into three categories. They classified depending on who controls the marketplace: the supplier, the buyer or the intermediary: (a) In a Supplier-Oriented Marketplace: many buyers face few suppliers. (b) In a Buyer-Orientated Marketplace: few buyers face many suppliers. (c) In an Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace: many buyers face many suppliers. A) Supplier-Oriented Marketplace In a Supplier-Oriented Marketplace customers are offered a wide variety of products and services which support them in their own businesses. The markets involve property, exchanges, auctions and bid systems. Suppliers are offered new market channels in marketing and distribution by using Supplier-Oriented Marketplaces, as products may be sold directly to customers without the use of intermediaries. Successful examples of this type of business model are Dell and Cisco.  [3]  Both companies sell their products via the internet. However, there are thousands of other companies that use the Supplier-Oriented model as well. Ciscos mainly provides electronic support using the internet. Its main applications include software downloads, defect tracking and technical advice. Cisco also sells routers, switches and other network interconnect devices. Since the company first began providing electronic support online in 1994 its productivity had increased by about 200 to 300 percent per year. What is more, the online technical support made it possible for Cisco to reduce technical support staff costs by approximately US $125 million. The internet Product Center also allows its customers to purchase any product over the internet, saving time for both Cisco and its customers. Cisco has estimated that by putting its application online, the company saves over US $360 million per year as a result of almost completely eliminating distribution, packaging, duplication and printing costs. B) Buyer-Oriented Marketplace When using a Supplier-Oriented Marketplace, buyers have to search electronic stores and malls to find and compare suppliers and producers. As this could be a very costly and time consuming operation for buyers, especially those who purchase thousands of items over the internet, they prefer to open their own marketplace, which is known as a Buyer-Oriented Marketplace.  [4]  An example of such a marketplace is GEs electronic bidding site which boosts the companys purchasing process.  [5]  These types of bidding sites allow suppliers to download project information from the internet and submit bids for projects. Buyers can more easily evaluate a suppliers bid and thus may negotiate electronically. As a result, a buyer will accept a bid that best meets their requirements. By doing so, they can identify and build partnerships with suppliers worldwide. Their specifications and information can be rapidly distributed to suppliers and consequently, bids are quickly received and compar ed from a large number of suppliers as to negotiate better prices. C) Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace The Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace, as its name suggests, is established by an intermediary company which runs a marketplace where business buyers and sellers can meet. There are two types of such business models: horizontal and vertical marketplaces. While vertical marketplaces concentrate on one industrial sector, horizontal marketplaces offer services to all industrial sectors. The Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace is a neutral business platform which offers classical economical functions of a usual market; the only difference is that the participants are not physically present. This business model contains catalogues which present information on products and prices. Consequently, the marketplace makes possible the comparisons and the transparency of the products. Such marketplaces can also offer auctions, which can be organized by sellers (where products are sold) or by buyers (in this case, orders are sold). In addition, electronic functions are offered so as participants can negotiate in real time.  [6]   An example of an Intermediary-Oriented Marketplace is Buzzsaw  [7]  which is a vertical electronic marketplace which concentrates on the building industry. A construction project involves many different parties, such as building contractors, builders, architects, merchants and the owner of the building many of which are regional sellers. The software that Buzzsaw offers can improve the planning process as well as the communication between the parties involved. Alongside the software, detailed information about the building industry is provided, such as news affecting the building sector or a local weather forecast. Given that the marketplace also provides the option to do business, all relevant products for the building industry can be traded. The Web site also offers search engines so as to find wanted products and buyers and sellers can insert offers and requests on the marketplace. 1.1.2. B2C e-commerce B2C e-commerce is basically a concept of online marketing and distributing of products and services over the internet. Many businesses prefer this method because they can reach more customers, service them better and make more sales while spending less to do so. For the consumer, it is relatively easy to appreciate the importance of e-commerce. Many prefer not to waste time fighting the very crowded supermarkets, and shop on-line at any time in virtual Internet shopping malls, and have the goods delivered home directly, all from the comfort of their own homes. B2C e-commerce is conducted essentially by three types of business models  [8]  : (a) Direct Sellers are online retailers that sell directly to customers only over the Internet. There are two types of direct sellers: e-tailers and manufactures. E-tailers, such as Amazon.com, ship the products directly to the consumer, wholesaler or manufacturer for delivery, upon receiving an order. They do not have traditional stores that customers can visit and they do not sell offline. Manufacturers, sell to consumers directly via the internet. They remove intermediaries and establish a direct relationship with the customer. These types of retailers are present on the Web as well as have traditional stores or sell offline through catalogues or mail-order. They are called brick-and morter retail businesses because they are merchants with multi-channel distributions supported by online stores. This process has been used for years, for example, catalogue companies such as Dell.com. (b) Online Intermediaries are companies that bring together sellers and buyers to complete a business transaction, in exchange for a percentage of the transactions value. Presently, these types of businesses make up the largest category of B2C companies. There are two types of online intermediaries: brokers and informediaries. Brokers facilitate transactions between sellers and buyers online. Orbitz.com is an example of a popular B2C online broker, which acts an intermediary between a consumer and multiple suppliers of airline carriers, hotel chains, automobile rentals, and other such companies. Informediary is a non-biased intermediary between those who supply information and those who want it. It can be any business that provides information based products and services within a supply chain. For example, an informediary may gather, store and sell information about a Web site. The information is considered to be valuable to organizations for target marketing, price setting, negotiations, advertising and market research. (c) A Portal provides the means of electronic access to Web content, resources and services. A portal typically has a search engine which is the central point to the services provided. The most popular search portal Web sites are Google.com, Yahoo.com and MSN.com. They have a large number of consumers and businesses utilizing their services each day around the world. Other services included on these types of websites include e-mail, chat as well as news and entertainment links. 1.2. A Brief History of E-commerce E-commerce and its meaning have changed a lot over the past 40 years. At first, the term e-commerce meant the performance of commercial transactions electronically, using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), the electronic exchange of business documents and information form one computer to another. EDI originated in the mid 1960s and by the mid 1970s was formalized by the Accredited Standards Committee.  [9]  The new technology allowed business companies and organizations to send commercial documentation electronically, such as purchase orders or invoices. It was in 1991 that E-commerce became possible, when the internet was opened to commercial use. Since then, e-commerce has experienced a rapid intensification; thousands of businesses have started online companies and provide online services. Although, it wasnt until 1994 that the internet began to gain popularity among the general public, and by the year 2000 a large number of companies from around the world had already started to offer their services on the World Wide Web. By then, people had given another meaning to electronic commerce: the process of purchasing goods and services over the internet using electronic communication.  [10]   Among the first internet company to allow electronic transactions, Amazon and E-bay are the most notable as they continue to be successful to this day. According to study conducted by internetretailer.com in 2009, the top 10 most famous worldwide internet retailers are: Amazon, Otto, Staples, Office Depot, Dell, Arcandor, Hewlett Packard, Tesco, OfficeMax and Apple.  [11]  According to all-rankings.com, the top ten most purchased products online are: travel tickets, holidays, books, concert/theatre/festival tickets, clothes, electrical goods, CDs, cinema tickets, DVDs and music downloads.  [12]  

Pride And Prejudice :: essays research papers

English Essay " I hope I never ridicule what is wise or good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can " How does Jane Austen reflect "folly and nonsense" in Pride and Prejudice ? " For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbours, and laugh at them in our turn? Jane Austen , Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen wrote her novels in the style of the Augusten Period, which was a period that emphasised common sense, moderation, reason over emotion, and elegance over brevity. She therefore ridicules those who refuse to stay within the bounds of social behaviour. It is possible to see within each character a certain amount of inconsistency, whether in behaviour ,attitude or manner. In the beginning of the novel Mr.Bingley is described by Jane - " He is just what a young man ought to be," she said, "sensible, good humoured, lively; and I never saw such happy manners!- so much ease with such perfect good breeding!" to which Elizabeth replies in further praise " He is also handsome," replied Elizabeth "which a young man ought likewise to be, if he possibly can. His character is thereby complete" These statements do not reflect the emotion present in statements made about him later in the book - " I begin to feel sorry that he comes at all," said Jane to her sister. "It would be nothing; I could see him with perfect indifference, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. . Happy shall I be when his stay at Netherfield is over!" From the above remarks it is clear to see the changing in perception of others, namely Lizzie, and Jane on Mr.Bingley. This change stems from the lack of constancy on Mr.Bingleys part. He lacks a strong character and is like clay, i.e. he is easily moulded by his peers. This can be seen in Mr.Darcey’s letter to Lizzie where he states-"But Mr.Bingley has a great natural modesty, with a stronger dependence on my judgement than on his own.- To convince him, therefore, that he had deceived himself was no very difficult point".. Jane Austen uses Mr.Bingley’s character to fully depict the fickleness and inconsistency of people who lack firm and strong character. This also serves another purpose, by making fun of such characters Ms.Austen can more fully compliment those who have firm morals, character, depth and consistence.

Death of a Salesman Comparisson

Death of a Salesman After reading and watching Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, it was clear that there were many similarities and differences between the film and the text. Many of the actors chosen for roles in the movie seemed to have fit Miller's portrayal of the characters. Between Willy feeling confused and lost to Linda’s vivid concern for Willy they all were presented very well. However, in the play, Willy Loman is portrayed as a man of considerable size while in the film he is much smaller.Although Dustin Hoffman depicts the character of Willy Loman well, he gets so enthralled in the heat of the scene that it sometimes makes the audience wonder if Miller intended for Willy to be so dramatic and emotional. At times it's overwhelming and even difficult to understand what Hoffman is saying. A problem with converting plays or books to motion picture is one can't see pictures that go along with text. The mind must create its own pictures of what is being described.The portrayal of Linda Loman on screen was completely different than what I had imagined her to be as while I was reading. I envisioned her to be a little younger and a lot more run-down and tired from dealing with not only Willy and his lost life but to her two sons and the social issues they have as well. I saw her to be more distressed. As far as plot goes, the storyline was almost exactly the same in the movie and the play. Some scenes were interchanged, but not so much as to disrupt the development or structure of the story.It also looks as though the director of the film purposely made it appear like the movie was taking place on a stage, probably to stay true to the fact that above all, Death of a Salesman is a play. I felt like the flashbacks were complete and in the film it visually helped the audience to understand what was going on. In the text on the other hand, it was up to the reader to understand when they happened and who all were part of them. I thi nk the movie adaption of this was done very well showing how Ben wasn’t â€Å"really there† and it was just Willy’s imagination when it came time for a flashback.The writers of the film script did a very good job with keeping specific lines clear and understandable, keeping in mind that they had to most likely change small things here and there. Overall I found most of the movie compared to the play a success. Between choosing actors who fit their parts as though they actually were Willy Loman, Biff Loman, Bernard and so forth, to being spot on with the plot for the most part they were both very similar. Some failures in my opinion existed in the movie when comparing to the text as well. Read also: â€Å"Realism and Expressionism in Death of a Salesman†When reading the play I didn’t see Willy and Linda being so touchy feely, as in the kissing and hugging that went on. Also the woman that Willy cheats on Linda with is much younger than I imagined. She is much more annoying especially with her laughing than as I saw her to be in the play itself. Lastly, toward the end, Biff seemed in my eyes much more emotional than I saw him to be through the text. I saw more anger and distress instead of caring about willy and crying that happened in the movie. Overall, yes there were successes and failures when comparing the film to the actual play, but I must say both were quite similar.

Nick Carraways Significance in The Great Gatsby essays

Nick Carraway's Significance in The Great Gatsby essays Nick Carraway is a necessary character in the novel for many reasons. We see how his interacting with the other characters brings about a few traits, which make the story a pleasure to read, and I must say, to write about. Nick lends us his talents to bring us a more realistic story, a larger database of which to draw our information about the characters, and thus better characterization in the novel. The first benefit of having Nick narrate the story is giving us a more realistic story. His point of view, that of a relatively objective observer, allows us to see the story through very accurate eyes. Through Fitzgerald's stroke of genius, the novel draws us into itself, and the I that Nick uses to relate to himself becomes the I or 'eyes' that the reader uses to see the story. A part of this, Nick's believability, lets the reader identify or sympathize with his values. Gatsby's wealth or the riches of Tom and Daisy do not easily sway Nick. He is a tolerant person, but not overly so. An example of this is seen as Nick puts up with Tom's racism and bigotry, but in the end he tells Gatsby that he is "worth the whole" dang "bunch put together". He is very honest, but not Puritanical or narrow-minded. The objective viewpoint from which Nick tells us the story adds a sense of realism to The Great Gatsby. Without Nick, the other characters would be loud and flashy, not the eccentric s that they are. Secondly, Nick adds information to the story through quite a few avenues. His position in the story with each of the characters makes him a key player in it. He moves in to the house next door to Gatsby. He is also Daisy's cousin, and coincidentally was in the same senior society as Tom Buchanan at Yale. Nick meets Jordan Baker at the Buchanan's house, and they become friends, although we later see the beginnings of a romance blooming. His compassion makes him the perfect sympathetic ear to hear confessions and scandalous secrets, and...

The Old Testament Belief in Life After Death Essays

The Old Testament Belief in Life After Death Essays The Old Testament Belief in Life After Death Essay The Old Testament Belief in Life After Death Essay Essay Topic: Bless Me Ultima Jaws Nashville Life and death, and much more, life-after-death constitute issues that we may never completely comprehend with our limited human intellect. The question of the possibility of an afterlife is one to which most religions have had to provide answers. Judaism, as a religion, at some point in its history had to confront this question. The aim of this essay then is to point out how the Israelites, as a religious people, came to answer this question of the possibility of an afterlife. We would notice as we progress in this essay that the ancient Jewish belief about an afterlife is one of progression from despair of survival after death to a reassuring hope of Yahweh’s justice and power to preserve the souls of the righteous from torment. The Israelite Conception of Life The concept of life that we find in the Old Testament is one that is strongly theistic. Life, first and foremost, for the Israelites of the Old Testament era, is to be understood as a gift of God. Life is God’s own creation. With the creation of the universe and all that lives in it came life. The Israelites, undoubtedly from their creation account, understood the universe as the work of God. If the universe and all that is contained in it, including man, is the work of God, then life is not something man has by virtue of himself, but something that is given him, namely a gift. The Israelites believed that man did not just begin to exist spontaneously. Man had an origin. This origin is to be located in Yahweh, the God of the Israelites. Man, as well as woman, is the creation of Yahweh. Thus, to be alive is to have been created by God. In as much as this exillic (or probably, post-exillic) creation account of the Israelites speaks of life as Yahweh’s handiwork, the Israelites, from their experiences, saw the ephemerality of this life. Hence the psalmist declares:Yahweh, what is human being for you to notice, a child of Adam for you to think about? Human life, a mere puff of wind, days as fleeting as a shadow. [NJB Psalm 144:3-4] It was in the consciousness of the Israelites that the only kind of life worth living is a life of fidelity to the one true God, Yahweh. As a convenanted people, they believed that the good life consisted in keeping he laws and precepts of Yahweh. Moses’ farewell message to his people sheds light on what the Israelites held to be the right attitude to life: obedience to the laws and precepts of Yahweh. To his people, Moses offered two options, namely life and prosperity on the one hand, death and disaster on the other hand. He enjoined his people to embrace life and prosperity by way faithfulness to Yahweh (NJB Deuteronomy 30: 15-20). Accordingly, the Israelite conception of life was shaped by their relational experience with Yahweh. The Attitude of the Israelites Towards Death Death is an inevitable end for man. The Israelites of the Old Testament period knew this much because of their experience over time with the phenomenon of death. In general, the Israelites see death as the normal term of life, hence, they only ask that they be allowed to live out their days in peace. But they elicited varied reactions to the phenomenon of death. Otto J. Baab has postulated that the common form of attitude towards death was that of indifference. He considers this manifest in the following instances, among others: the struggle between Jacob and his brother, Esau, for their dying father’s blessing without minding the fate of their dying father (Gen. 7); Moses’ defense for the established priestly order by a reaction of destruction, without sympathy or pity, against the 250 laymen that revolted against the priestly hierarchy (Numbers 16:30); and Cain’s remorseless attitude towards the death of his brother, Abel, whom he killed. The attitude of indifference here is that of blatant disre gard for what becomes of the victim of death, or better still, an attitude of life-goes-on with or without the deceased. Another form of attitude towards death was its acceptance with quiet confidence. The death of Abraham is presented in the Old Testament as one that came after a satisfying and fulfilled life (Genesis 25:7-8). Jacob and Moses are equally reported to have died at an advanced age. Joseph, at his ripe old age, knew his death was near and did not wish it away (Genesis 50:22-26). He evinced an humble acceptance of death. Yet, another form of attitude towards death is that of rejection, sadness and pain. Such sentiments are, in the Old Testament, rather connected with suspected early, sudden, and untimely death. Such kind of death is for the wise man a punishment for wickedness. We find in David’s grief and pain a typical Israelite rejection of sudden death. David went aground with sorrow, strict-fast and sack-clothing because he was opposed to the imminent death of the child he bore from his illicit affair with Bathsheba (II Samuel 12:16-25). Only in the book of Job do we find an unusual desire for death. Of course, his desire for death was precipitated by the bleakness and utter dismay he experienced in his moments of affliction, loss and desolation. In the midst of his misfortunes, Job wandered whether it was not better if he had died by still-birth or as soon as he left his mother’s womb (Job 3:11). Put differently, he thought he was better off dead than alive to live miserably with no hopes like a dead man. It may be insightful to take another look at the attitude of David towards the death of the child he begot with Bathsheba. David’s mood changed immediately he realized that the child for whose sake he had grieved and kept fast had died. His reply when asked by his retinue about his changed mood, â€Å"But now that he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to him but he cannot come back to me,† (II Samuel 12:22) bespeaks of a belief in a place of reposition for the dead. For the Israelites of the David’s time, the abode of the dead is sheol. The Israelites would usually locate sheol in the depths, a place of shadowy existence. Thus, it is variously described as the â€Å"depths of the underworld†(Proverbs 9:18), and the â€Å"depths of the earth† (Psalm 63:10). It is believed that sheol accepts all, kings and beggars, masters and slaves, old and young, innocent and evil doers, without distinction. It is a place, which once descended into, no one returns to earthly existence (Job 7:9-10). Its victims are kept in it pitilessly (Song of songs 8:6) and none can see the light forever (II Samuel 12:23). The Question of the Belief in Afterlife in Old Testament Thought With regard to the idea of an afterlife, ancient Israel, biblical scholars have opined, was much closer to the beliefs of Mesopotamia and Canaan than it was to the beliefs of Egypt. The Egyptian idea of an afterlife conceives of survival after death as a two-dimensional continuation of earthly human existence and not as a genuinely new and different state. For the Egyptians, the joys of the world beyond the grave are the carnal joys of normal experience. People could share in the life of the gods, but only in a purely human way. The Egyptian afterlife is thus a thoroughly secularized world. In contrast to the Egyptian belief in an afterlife is the Mesopotamian belief that there is just no hope of survival after death. For the people of Mesopotamia, the world of the dead is a vast tomb where the bodies of the dead lie inert or are no more than semi-conscious at best. Death in Mesopotamia was usually greeted with deep pessimism. It was believed that to the gods alone belonged life. It is man’s lot to die, and after death, no hope of survival because the gods do not deign it fitting that man should share in their immortality. In fact, they believed that life was meant to be enjoyed with all the pleasures that may come with it and more since there can be no sure pleasure beyond death. The Israelite attitude toward the possibility of life after death shows no appreciable difference from Mesopotamian belief. Scholars would generally hold that this belief in no hope of survival after death was expressed in the Old Testament before some of its latest passages, which were probably written in the 2d Century BC. The Israelite belief that there can be no hope of survival after death may be understood from their conception of human nature. For the Israelites, the constitution of the human person does not contain in it any principle of survival. Neither the â€Å"soul† nor â€Å"spirit† survives death. Since they believed that the soul cannot exist independently, it then means that the Israelites of antiquity understood the human person as a unity that cannot be bifurcated radically into a body and soul with the possibility of individual existence. The implication of this anthropology is that, when a human person dies, it is the whole person that dies. No part of the deceased survives. Death, thus, becomes an absolute end; and this precisely is the view of death over wide stretches of the Old Testament, especially in the earlier period of Israel’s history. As much as it could be said that the ancient Israelite conception of human nature does not support a distinction, as is often made today, between the body that perishes and the soul that survives bodily death; just as much as the very idea of sheol seems no different from the ancient Mesopotamian conception of Arallu, the world of the dead, a place where the dead lie hopelessly inert, there is some modification that could be made with regard to the ancient Israelite conception of a possible afterlife. In order words, there is reason to belief that the Israelite pessimism of non-survival at the face of death underwent a further development. There are certain passages in the Old testament that seem to suggest a latter Israelite inclination towards a belief in survival after death. The development of the idea of an afterlife probably gained a strong impetus from the emphasis prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel began to place, at their time, upon the fate of the individual rather than the whole people. From the period of the exile onwards, it gradually came to the Israelite consciousness that the good or evil life of each person mattered before God. This led to reflections on the question of what happens to the good man who dies without recognition or blessings in this life. Would such a person be destined to the same faith as the wicked? The faintest hope of this survival may be seen expressed in Psalms 49 and 73 which reflect about the futility of wealth and the triumph of justice respectively. In both instances, the psalmist points out the universality of death, yet we see in each a ray of hope for the preservation of the righteous. The righteous, though mortal by their human nature, cannot come to the same end as the wicked, otherwise the exhortation to be righteous is needless and unrewarding. Psalm 49 speaks of Yahweh ransoming the souls of the honest and righteous from the clutches of sheol to which the wicked and avaricious are held bound (Psalm 49:1). The idea of preservation from the jaws of sheol that the psalmist speaks of can scarcely mean that the righteous will not experience death. This conclusion has already been precluded by the admission that death comes both to the righteous and to the wicked. With regard to Yahweh’s preservation of the souls of the righteous, the psalmist apparently strikes upon communion with Yahweh, the experience of happiness, and not dejection, that comes from having lived well on earth. The psalmist came upon this conclusion from the premise that Yahweh must have some way in which communion with him can be preserved for those who are faithful to him; otherwise there would ultimately be no difference between righteousness and wickedness. But this idea was not fully developed here, partly because of the ancient Israelite conception of human nature and human life, which knows of no principle that could survive death. When the hope for survival after death came be to expressed, the only possible form that it could take in the Israelite thought was the resurrection of the body. The first clear expression of this hope of resurrection took place in the Maccabean period of persecution and martyrdom with these words: Of those who are sleeping in the Land of Dust, many will awaken, some to everlasting life, some to shame and everlasting disgrace. Those who are wise will shine as brightly as the expanse of the heavens, and those who have instructed many in uprightness, as bright as stars for all eternity [NJB Daniel 12:2-3]. Still another expression of this belief in life after death is found in the Book of Wisdom probably written in Alexandria in the first Century BC:But the souls of the upright are in the hands of God, and no torment can touch them. To the unenlightened, they appeared to die, their departure was regarded as a disaster, their leaving us like an annihilation; but they are at peace. If, as it seemed to us, they suffered punishment, their hope was rich in immortality; slight was their correction, great will their blessings be [NJB Wisdom 3:1-4]. The history of the development of this Israelite idea of resurrection in not completely clear. Nevertheless, it could not have been an idea that evolved out of nothing. A good number of Old Testament scholars think it is very probable that this change in the Israelite conception of afterlife is not without Persian and Greek influences. Perhaps, what we find quoted above from the Book of Wisdom proves a decisive Greek influence in the Israelite ormation of the conception of the immortality of the human spirit. This belief saw a greater appreciation in later Judaism and, subsequently, in Christianity. Conclusion The life man has was given him by God at creation. However, man’s life on earth as a matter known from experience has to terminate at some point. Death ends its all for the Israelites of antiquity. Death does not discriminate against the wealthy or poor; nor does it discriminate against the upright or wicked. It affects all and sundry. The Israelite knew this much to be true of death. Initially, they believed death was an absolute end and that the dead are consigned to a place where they are forever inert, namely sheol. However, this view had to undergo modifications over time, partly due to probable Persian and Greek influences, and partly due to a better understanding of Yahweh’s justice. Thus, the Israelites of old were led to understand that there is another life beyond death. Christians today can boast of a robust belief in a flourishing life after death because it has become a heritage revealed through the person of Christ, the only Son of God. BIBLIOGRAPHY Baab, J. Otto. The Theology of the Old Testament. New York: Abingdon Press, 1949. Boadt, Lawrence. Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction. New York: Paulist Press, 1984. Heinisch, Paul. Theology of the Old Testament. Minnesota: The North Central Publishing Company, 1955. McKenzie, L. John. â€Å"Aspects of Old Testament Thought,† The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Edited by Raymond Brown et al. New Delhi: Indira Printers, 2007, pp. 1284-1315 Rad, Von Gerhard. God at Work in Israel. Translated by John H. Marks. Nashville: Parthenon Press, 1980.

Report of the Tomb of the Warriors essays

Report of the Tomb of the Warriors essays In 1947 two Chinese farmers accidentally stumbled onto a huge tomb of a king that died over c.2200 years ago the kings name was Qin Shi Huang. The special thing about this tomb is that it is guarded by several self firing cross bows and approximately 6000 fully armed terracotta life size statues containing archers, cavalry troop, charioteers, infantry and even horses guarding the tomb. State of the find and the treatment of the find A lot of the soldiers are still standing but a part of the tomb collapsed and knocked over several of the warriors. But so far 38 columns of soldiers have been excavated and approx 1000 soldiers have been restored to there original state. A museum has set up a little firing room so they can make duplicates of the men and sell them to other museums. Age of the find and dating methods used The vault is approximately 12500sq Km in size, it is believed that the tomb was built just after the king past away so that means its approximately 2200 years old as the king died in 210B.C. Back in this era it was common that people were superstitious. So I think the only reason king Qin surrounded himself in his army was to protect his soul from evil spirits and no man could last that long so he built his own life like army out of terracotta to protect him forever. ...

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Reflection Paper - Essay Example All of these skills are involved in planning and implementing change. The first place that organizations must start in their planning process is the business plan. For some small businesses, this plan can be the most difficult to write, but once written, it will steer the organization for many years. As the business plan is written, a marketing plan and a strategic plan are other parts of the planning process. Each of these plans will need to be updated as the organization changes and grows. The very nature of planning suggests that change must happen Many organizations have had challenges with planning for many reasons. Some organizations are so involved with the day to day operations that they feel they have no time to plan. Others do not plan because they know it means change and they are afraid of what change may bring to their organizations. Some organizations know they should plan, but they do not understand what is involved in the planning process. These businesses may fail if they do not plan on a regular basis. An important aspect of planning is to define it so that each individual in an organization understands what they are doing. According to the Business Dictionary (2009), planning is: [The] process of identifying an organizations immediate and long-term objectives and formulating and monitoring specific strategies to achieve them. It also entails staffing and resource allocation †¦ Planning models are plentiful in the filed of leadership and organizational development. For the purpose of this reflection, two strategic planning models have been chosen for review. Every organization chooses a planning model that fits their needs. Most of these models have several components. As an example, Van der Werffs (1998) model has three phases: The SWOT model is a well known planning model that is used by many organizations. In this model, the organization

Chipotle food company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chipotle food company - Essay Example it governance risk indicators which makes the company have low risks in its board, audit and compensation and a medium risk in shareholders’ rights. With the high rate of quarterly revenue growth of 24.50% against 8.90% of the industry, the company has experienced a steady growth in its branch network. Moreover, it is among the top companies in terms of market capitalization with a ROE of 23.64%, which guarantees investors of a good return. For the company to enjoy high performance, it should restructure its employment policies to word off concerns by investors due to the audits concerning immigrant workers (Schriftenreihe & Buchholz , 2008). 2. Review of the company and its business Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc is among the top service provision companies in the restaurant industry with a market capitalization of 7.75 B US dollars. It competes directly with companies such as Panda Restaurant Group, Inc, Taco Bell Corporation and Odoba Restaurant Corporation which are privately owned companies. Nevertheless, the company has indirect competitors such as Whitebread PLC, Mitchells & Butlers PLC and McDonald Corp whose market capitalization is higher. Over the years, this company has continued to spread its tentacles and has managed to establish a large network in US in 33 states. The expansion has made it find new ways of serving its large clientele through product innovations and appealing selling propositions Key product lines Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc has a wide range of products made up of dishes and beverages. These include burritos, selected beer, salads, salsas, lettuce, tacos, fruit drinks, burrito bowls, cheese, margaritas, a variety of meat types and guacamole. These gives the company a leverage as the customers have a wide variety to choose from. The extensive branch network in the 33 states in United States which are augmented by other branches in UK and Canada makes the company and its subsidiary serve a wide geographical area. The company lev erages its products by using natural ingredients which makes the products unique and appealing to many customers. This is manifested by the long queues especially during lunch times (Wylie, 2009). Strengths The competitive advantage over other business competitors is dependent on the goals and vision as well as mission thereof. The prudential guidelines make a company be able to offer quality products and efficient services to its customers. Moreover, a company gets the motivation to expand its network in a wide geographical area as its products and services get a high demand. The strengths of a company therefore, put a company in a good position to do business and be able to make profits even when others are counting losses. These key driving forces can be product innovations, strong financial postings, efficient and competent workforce, diversified business operations, competent management, conducive working environment as well as better terms of pay and compensation, and well tho ught and articulated financial and business operation policies. This is also boosted by establishment of clear

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing Research - Essay Example One of the primary goals of marketing research is identifying and assessing how the varying elements of the marketing mix impact on customer behavior. Marketing research falls into two categories depending on target market: consumer marketing research and business-to-business marketing research. Discussion The marketing research process covers a round of stages such as collection, organization, and interpretation of data. The designing of a research plan is a multifaceted endeavor as it involves decisions such as the data sources to employ, approaches to take, how to minimize distortions to the data collected, the research instruments to employ, the configuration of the sampling plan, methodology, and adherence to research ethics. A marketing research planning process incorporates a series of interconnected stages and each stage has an impact on the stage preceding or subsequent to it. Stages of a Marketing Research Plan Stage 1: Defining Research Problem The first stage in a marketi ng research plan involves identification of the problem or marketing issue (need). This stage comes after review of the business situation (Wild & Diggines 50). The starting phase of the research plan spotlights the reason or the research problem. When defining the problem, the researcher ought to construct an appropriate marketing research design. The problem should not be too narrow but should embrace the pertinent issues that the research seeks to capture. It is critical to obtain coherent insight into the nature, scope, and intensity of the problem prior to the formulation of the problem. The stated problem should reflect the organization’s resources and should be expressed in a manner that plainly identifies the sought opportunity (Housden 71). The problem in this case encompasses positioning of the new phone in the market. Outlining the Research Objective The researcher should justify the need for research as well as defining the objective of the research (Prasuraman & Krishnan 26). Outlining the research objective is crucial and the researcher needs to evaluate what he or she seeks to find out and why. In addition, the researcher should identify the data needed as well as the data sources. This entails scrutinizing the research purpose and highlighting the data required to complete the purpose (Prasuraman, Grewal, & Krishnan 33). Research objective entails goals to be achieved by conducting research. One of the objectives may be exploring some new product in the market. Diverse research objectives lead to diverse research designs (Wild & Diggine 51). Stage 2: Planning Research Design The second stage encompasses determining the research design to be employed. Picking out of the appropriate methodology is crucial to the overall success of the marketing research. The research method to be adopted depends on the research philosophy that has been employed. The designing of the research instrument is also crucial (Zikmund & Babin 51). Stage3: Planning Sample The third stage of a research plan incorporates defining the sample. The identification of the sample incorporates specifying who or which units should avail the data needed (Prasuraman & Krishnan 37). This stage lays the ground for designing of the sample. The stage encompasses instituting a problem solving framework and analytical models guided by the defined audience. The

On Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Television - Essay Example He goes on questioning whether the television medium presents the topics accurately or imperatively. The problem of the journalists and the news field is focusing on the truth which has chances to get either approved or disapproved. Like what has been discussed in the argument that â€Å"television presentations almost automatically dumb down due to cultural –social and technological structures of the field†. But according to Bourdieu the documentary series or program takes a little time to reach the likeness or approval of the audience than the story telling session, or dramas. The reason he has analysed is that news reports will be concentrated towards emphasising the true incident which has brought changes in the television production of the news field in a cultural concept, and the relationship that exist between the intellectuals and the public or the political and the social community. The success of the journalism in television media seems to depend mostly on the responsibility that the intellectual takes to reach the political and the social community. He mainly argues the role and the impact of the journalistic field in a television media with the social and cultural structures. He looks at the solution form the perspective of an individual, and so he says that if an individual takes the role of organising a news documentary for a television presentation so cautiously keeping in mind the social and political expectation rather than obliging what the television industry has to impose on a cultural circle. The television has changed the role of the journalistic field, though it has all forms of technologies to present the information true to life, the journalistic media remains a decline among the public. This he finds due to many reasons one would be that television has all the powerful cultural means to present all the recent political as well as social and cultural issues more effectively than the print media, as a result the television industry and

Comparing and Contrasting 4 states in Middle East Essay

Comparing and Contrasting 4 states in Middle East - Essay Example Crane was in favor of a Palestinian state, and made several declarations in contra of the Balfour Declaration, which called for the creation of the Jewish state. Israel was actually the brainchild of Theodore Herzl, â€Å"†¦who founded the Zionist political movement.†2 â€Å"On 29 November 1947, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly voted in favor of [Partition Resolution (UN Res. 181)]†¦replacing the British mandate with two independent states†¦The UN partition resolution laid down a timetable for the termination of the British mandate and for the establishment of [both] Jewish [and] Arab state[s]†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Relations between the West and the Middle East were not always entirely contentious. In the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence between Sir Henry McMahon (the British High Commissioner in Egypt) and the Sharif of Mecca (Hussein bin Ali), the two men discussed the political future of the Middle East—McMahon encouraging an Arab revolt within the Ott oman Empire, since it had sided with Germany as an ally. Speaking of the Middle East, the Masjid-e-Suleiman was The Mosque of Solomon—the site where a large amount of oil was located. Palestine was a former British colony. Lebanon was a former French colony. The Druzes migrated due to the civil war in Lebanon in the 1860s. The Maydan Quarter of Damascus and the Druze was basically a riot over grain that led to a rise in Arab nationalism in Syria. In Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Egypt—there were a bunch of â€Å"Accommodationist Notables†, wealthy prominents who were considered to have stakes in controlling mandates in the Middle East. With the advent of the Bombing of the King David Hotel (carried out by Irgun, which, like Lehi was a Zionist paramilitary organization), there were Britons, Arabs, Jews, and others killed. What had happened was that Irgun had been given a mandate by a man named Moshe Sneh. He ordered his men to dress up—one man as a Sudanese, ot her men as Arabs—in order to pass security. Someone warned the Palestine Post that the bombing was about to occur. Also, the French consulate was apparently warned in advance. However, the appropriate warnings did not go off in the Hotel, which was owned by Jewish nationals. The bombing lit off a firestorm in Britain. The bombing was decried, and Irgun was called a terrorist organization. This was done partly because Zionist Jews wanted to make a statement against a Nazi-British alliance. Anti-Jewish sentiment was also strong in Britain, and Britain’s occupancy of the Palestinian state only served to deepen the divide between Britain and what would one day become Israel. In fact, the Irgun organization would one day have their members absorbed into the state of Israel’s Likud party, which has somehow been involved in every major election in Israel since the early 1950s. Speaking about divisions of land in the Middle East, The Sykes-Picot Agreement was basically an Anglo-French agreement post-World War I that followed a previous agreement which carved Syria, Kurdistan, Acre, and Haifa between Russia, Britain, an unnamed Arab state, as well as Palestine. The pilfering of land would not be unique to the Middle East, however. Operation Barbarossa was Nazi Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union territory in 1941, Hitler claiming that his people needed more space. Hitler would continue to invade most of Western Europe and a large part of Eastern Europe. However, when he tried to march against Russia, his soldiers found themselves not

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 Assignment

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 - Assignment Example This is so since veterans have been suffering from health complications such as Post Traumatic stress years after their service to the country (Tick 2005). Currently the healthcare model being used by the United States of America does not provide for children between 5 to 20 years (Roth 2010). One issue that stands out from such a model is when dealing with diabetes in children from that age group. Diabetes, despite being hereditary can be prolonged or managed better if it is detected early enough (Hanas 2010). It is crucial for the government to include this age group in its health models since studies have shown that quite a number of people develop diabetes complications when at this age group. By including the age group in its health model, the government will help prevent or control cases of diabetes through educating on the importance of living lifestyles that are

On Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Television - Essay Example He goes on questioning whether the television medium presents the topics accurately or imperatively. The problem of the journalists and the news field is focusing on the truth which has chances to get either approved or disapproved. Like what has been discussed in the argument that â€Å"television presentations almost automatically dumb down due to cultural –social and technological structures of the field†. But according to Bourdieu the documentary series or program takes a little time to reach the likeness or approval of the audience than the story telling session, or dramas. The reason he has analysed is that news reports will be concentrated towards emphasising the true incident which has brought changes in the television production of the news field in a cultural concept, and the relationship that exist between the intellectuals and the public or the political and the social community. The success of the journalism in television media seems to depend mostly on the responsibility that the intellectual takes to reach the political and the social community. He mainly argues the role and the impact of the journalistic field in a television media with the social and cultural structures. He looks at the solution form the perspective of an individual, and so he says that if an individual takes the role of organising a news documentary for a television presentation so cautiously keeping in mind the social and political expectation rather than obliging what the television industry has to impose on a cultural circle. The television has changed the role of the journalistic field, though it has all forms of technologies to present the information true to life, the journalistic media remains a decline among the public. This he finds due to many reasons one would be that television has all the powerful cultural means to present all the recent political as well as social and cultural issues more effectively than the print media, as a result the television industry and

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 Assignment

Peer Review of Section 1 of the Policy Change Proposal Week 3 - Assignment Example This is so since veterans have been suffering from health complications such as Post Traumatic stress years after their service to the country (Tick 2005). Currently the healthcare model being used by the United States of America does not provide for children between 5 to 20 years (Roth 2010). One issue that stands out from such a model is when dealing with diabetes in children from that age group. Diabetes, despite being hereditary can be prolonged or managed better if it is detected early enough (Hanas 2010). It is crucial for the government to include this age group in its health models since studies have shown that quite a number of people develop diabetes complications when at this age group. By including the age group in its health model, the government will help prevent or control cases of diabetes through educating on the importance of living lifestyles that are

Nucor Essay Example for Free

Nucor Essay 1. What are Nucor’s resources and capabilities Nucor resources are considered to be the same as any other steel company (equipment, plants, employees, etc.). But to be considered the most cost efficient steel maker in the United States is a different conversation. Nucor manages their resources extremely well from control system, to the company’s culture that promotes efficiency. Management relations are described as â€Å"informal, trusting, and non bureaucratic†, that is a winning combo for a company. Another source of success was Nucor’s ability to stop equalizing freight, giving customers price plus shipping. 2. How would you assess Nucor’s resources in terms of heterogeneity and immobility? Nucor utilized two lines of business; the first line was composed of six steel plants that made steel joist frames. The second line was composed of four steel mills that used a industry leading mini-mill technology to supply the joist plants at first then included customers. Each division operated on its own (selling, manufacturing, accounting, personnel). Nucor’s immobility was exceptional as well, using around 150 trucks to ensure on-time delivery. They strategically placed plants in rural areas near their target markets, I feel that Nucor has a great position when it comes to resources and intern that makes them extremely competitive. 3. Using the VRIO model, how would you evaluate Nucor’s resources. In terms of value I would place Nucor as high. The resources they utilize gives them a good competitive advantage, and when you look at their culture internally they promote efficiency. Comprise that will strong outside relationships described as trusting, that is a high value. Rarity I would say low, there are tons of steel firms competing in the marketplace. When it comes to limitability Nucor has well developed a plan that is hard to duplicate (Job security, efficiency, ect.)so I would rate that a high as well. Organization is high also, no other steel company is organized to win as Nucor and that itself differentiates them from the competition. 4. What strategic recommendations would you offer to Nucor? Adding more plants is always a benefit, results in an increased market share. Also entering global market would be something I would pitch, countries like India pay top dollar for steel since the country doesn’t produce a lot of it. Keeping up with relationships of current clients to turn them into long term customers would help as well, this also avoids the cyclical demand that excess capacity causes.

Factors Affecting Healing Capabilities of the Body

Factors Affecting Healing Capabilities of the Body Analyse Health Information James Rowe 1.3) Intracellular fluid makes up approximately 60-67% of total body fluid. With Intracellular fluid making up approximately 33-40% in both these compartments it is water making up a majority of the solvent in the different body compartments. The total body weight that the fluid makes up is about 60% in Men and about 55% in Women. This is lower due to the higher fat content. Fluid Physiology: 2.1 Fluid Compartments. 2014. Fluid Physiology: 2.1 Fluid Compartments. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/FluidBook/fl2_1.php. [Accessed 13 February 2014]. An electrolyte is an electrically charged ion that can affect the amount of water in the body. It is also responsible for determining the acidity of the blood (alters PH). And is responsible for a change in muscle function. Sodium maintains the osmotic pressure and volume of the extracellular fluid within the body. Whereas the intracellular fluid is controlled by potassium. By effecting these the body can effect the amount of fluid being drawn into the ECF and ICF. 2.1) Dehydration is a danger because the body requires water to maintain homeostasis. Water is also a key ingredient in blood volume. The less water in the blood the thicker it becomes. The function of the skin have been impaired because the skin integrity itself is compromised. Depending on wound depth many problems can occur. 1st degree burns à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Superficial skin 2nd degree burns à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Some underlying skin damage 3rd degree burns à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   All skin layers damage After an area of the body has been burnt many things will happen. Including an increase in the amount of WBC that migrate to the area to help fight off infection and start repairing the body. Also the capillaries of the damaged area will be blocked off to prevent and blood loss. And to stop a possible entrance route for any blood infection. Factors affecting the healing capabilities of the body can be categorised into 2 category’s Internal and External. Internal à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Health status (any other illness that may prevent healing) Age Lifestyle Nutritional status External à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Mechanical damage Stress Temperature Debridement of a wound can happen through many different methods. Including surgically, chemically or even by the body’ defence itself. Debridement is where unhealthy tissue is removed from the wound to aid healing. The top 2 layers of the skin are used in a full thickness graft. These are the Dermus and EpiDermus. 3.1) OBS chart Neurovascular OBS Fluid balance chart Referral/Appointment 4.2) Hypertension is high blood pressure. This is where the blood in the artery is being forced around the body under a higher pressure than normal. Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of the artery walls. Meaning that there is a loss in the elasticity of the artery wall. Hypertension and Arteriosclerosis are often related. Due to the pressure hypertension puts on the arterial wall they lose their elasticity and become hard and thick (Arteriosclerosis) Hypertension is referred to as ‘the silent killer’ due to the fact so many people are unaware that they have the disease. The signs and symptoms of hypertension are very discreet and can go un-diagnosed for a lifetime. Cardiovascular disease and old age are often associated. This is because the development of the disease over time and the disease becoming worse with age. Some changes that can be to reduce the risk of developing the disease are improving diet, don’t live under stress for prolonged periods of time, tests for and hereditary factors. If there is an increased amount of platelets in the blood and therefore you have a very high clotting factor then you may be at risk of a blockage in a blood vessel. 5.2) A blue or purple colouration of the skin is referred to as cyanosis. Hypoxia is where an area of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia can be generalized or local. Ischemia is the insufficient blood flow to a tissue Hypoxemic hypoxia is where the arterial content of O ² insufficient. This can be caused by a pulmonary embolus or a sudden change in the environment pressure (Diving) 5.3) A tracheostomy is a surgical incision into the next. Opening the airway straight through a hole in the trachea. Endotracheal is a type of tracheal tube inserted through the mouth or nose. Both are a type of tracheal tube that’s purpose is to act as a catheter to establish and maintain a airway. And to ensure enough oxygen gets into the body to allow adequate gas exchange. 5.4) Anaemia is a decrease in the number of RBC or less than normal amount of haemoglobin. This will cause the patient to complain of SOB due to lack of oxygen being supplied to the body due to the lack of haemoglobin. 5.5) The problems that Paul is experiencing with breathing can be due to the muscle spasm down the airway. And the swelling narrows the airway makes it difficult for Paul to breathe. An increase in the production of mucus also explains the wheeze in Pauls breathing. This is because the air being exhaled is being forced through mucus. 6.1) If left untreated then the appendix will rupture causing toxicity in the body. In some extreme cases this poisoning of the body can cause death. 6.2) Because without fibre in the diet stools become difficult to pass. Causing a higher pressure and stronger muscle contraction to be needed. Over a prolonged period this causes damage to the intestine. 6.3) Bile is required to breakdown and aid digestion. If the bile duct is blocked then this would hinder the digestion of some protein and fats. The is because of the bile not reaching the areas that it is meant to. This would mean the body would not be able to absorb essential nutrients during the digestive process meaning there would be a deficiency in the body. 6.4) Jaundice (Yellow skin) Pale colour stool. Dark Urine 8.2) BP increase amount of oxygen to muscles. Vasodilation aids this. Heart beat increase rate of blood pumps around the body and increases the amount of gas exchange occurring in the lungs to help the muscle fuel. Resp Rate increases to allow as much oxygen as possible into the body and to get rid of the CO2. This all allows muscles adequate energy for a fight or flight response. 9.1) When blood enters the kidney (Site of urine formation) it passes through juxtaglomerular that detect blood pressure and blood volume before entering the nephron. When in the Nephron blood needs to be under pressure to force out fluid and solutes (smaller than protein) After reabsorption occurs the remaining waste is urine. Without a suitable BP or BV this wouldn’t occur. 10.1) Concave lenses. This is because the positive diopetes of myopic eye. This will help her see things further away (Refrence Marieb) 10.2) Sensorineural deafness – Degeneration or damage to the nerve, neuron and receptor cell. The MP3 caused damage to the nerves in the ear and the neurons of the auditory cortex. This is more serious than conductive deafness as it effects the ability to hear both conduction routes (Air conduction and Bone conduction) Conduction deafness – Something interferes with sound vibration waves. This means that waves do not reach the inner ear fluid (Ear wax and Blockage)

Depictions of the Great Depression Essay -- Art, Photography

Pause to recall a picture of the Great Depression. Was this image happy or sad? Maybe it was a scene of a family enjoying the radio, children reading comics, a group of young men playing baseball, the movie theatre, or even children playing Monopoly; however most people would picture a migrant mother with her children, an adult holding a sign asking for a job, a family living in a shack with barely any food, or starving, dirty children. â€Å"For those born after the 1930’s, the Great Depression is something that can be visualized only through photography and film (This Great Nation Will Endure)† and when asked â€Å"What picture do you think of when you hear the words the Great Depression Era?† all thirty high school students recalled a negative image. Today’s mass media’s selection of harsh extreme images of the 1930’s Great Depression Era fail to portray the positive aspects of American life during the time period. Many of the photographs exposed by today’s media and some of the most popular photographs of life during the Great Depression were produced by the FSA or Farm Security Administration. Founded by President Roosevelt the government agency’s goal was to provide loans benefiting tenant farmers and sharecroppers (pg. 772). The FSA launched a photography project whose mission was to demonstrate the hardships of families living on farms to the city residents (Ganzel). The agency hired many photographers and over eighty-thousand photographs were captured through the years 1935-1943; the majority portrayed American life in a negative way (This Great Nation Will Endure). Two of the most well-known photographs taken by the agency, also which are used in several American history textbooks are icons of the Depression Era. Both symboliz... ...produced, radio shows and movies were being produced and several Americans were enjoying life during the 1930’s. These positive aspects of life and positive photographs of the time period are not well-known to the American public today and many people picture the Great Depression only in a negative way. â€Å"For those born after the 1930’s, the Great Depression is something that can be visualized only though photography and film. Certain images have come to define our view of that uncertain time: an anxious migrant mother with her three small children; a farmer and his sons struggling through a dust storm; a family of sharecroppers gathered outside their Spartan home† (This Great Nation Will Endure). Today’s mass media focuses on the harsh, extreme images of the Great Depression and fails to portray the happy, positive aspects of American life during the 1930’s.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

There's a recurring question that often presents itself at different points in our lives. We ask it to ourselves in private and are asked by others at any given time. It comes from those we are yet to know well and from those who can see us with their eyes closed. It goes to the tune of, "What do you want to do someday?" or "What do you want to be?" and it rarely comes with a monosyllabic reply. The routine "I don't know," or shrug are devoted companions of this question, though every now and then an individual can focus the future before his or her eyes and give it a name. For the rest of us, the specifics may still be hazy. I can say with certainty that my response to this questions is consistently inarticulate. I do take solace, however, in the fact that it would be difficult for anyone to form a sentence when countless possible futures crash into their heads and rain down indecision and excited apprehension. "What do you want to be when you grow up?" is difficult to answer for many reasons. It is not challenging simply because of all the choices we have, but also because it f...

Malawi Less Developed Countries Essay

Malawi is one of the world’s poorest countries, ranking 160th out of 182 countries on the Human Development Index. Progress towards reaching the Millennium Development Goal of eradicating extreme poverty has been limited. According to the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Report for 2009, about 74 per cent of the population still lives below the income poverty line of US$1.25 a day and 90 per cent below the US$2 a day threshold. The proportion of poor and ultra-poor is highest in rural areas of the southern and northern parts of the country. Country indicators GDP per capita average annual growth rate (%), 1990-2012 1.2 Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate & severe 12.8 Secondary school participation, Net attendance ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male 9.7 Secondary school participation, Net attendance ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female 10.4 GNI per capita 2012, US$ 320 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) 74.77 Infant mortality rate 71 HDI( human development index) 0.388 All these indicators show Malawi is a LDC according to the UN criteria for the identification of an LDC. Reason for the low levels of development in Malawi Despite the availability of better technologies, the productivity of most crops has not improved since the 1970s, largely as a result of declining soil fertility. Also contributing to the low yields are poor access to financial services and markets, unfavourable weather, small landholdings and  nutrient-depleted soils, coupled with limited use of fertilizers. The use of improved varieties, together with fertilizers, better crop husbandry and irrigation, has the potential to greatly improve yields. Post-harvest losses are estimated to be around 40 per cent of production. The recurrence of shocks frustrates attempts to escape rural poverty. The most common shocks are weather-related, such as crop failures and increases in the price of food. Illness or injury is also very common, as are shocks associated with death of family members, heightened by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, which has affected 11.9 per cent of the population. Shocks often force households to sell assets, thereby undermining their ability to engage in productive activities. As a result, poor households have to adopt costly coping strategies such as selling assets, withdrawing children from school and reducing food consumption. Poor rural people in Malawi are unable to diversify out of agriculture and tend to remain underemployed for part of the year. More than a third of rural households earn their livelihood only from farming or fishing. An additional 25 per cent combine work on their farm with other jobs, largely in agriculture. Other income sources tend to be limited to poorly paid agricultural labour. Few economic opportunities combined with the marked seasonality of rainfed agriculture leads to labour shortages during the critical phases of the cropping season, with underemployment for the rest of the year. Access to education, a major driver of relative wealth, is highly inequitable as well. Almost 30 per cent of poor children do not even start primary school, which is free in Malawi. Secondary and higher education is largely confined to non-poor households, mainly due to the required enrolment fees. Limited access to markets and services is another constraint. Poor rural people tend to live in remote areas with few roads and means of transport, which limits their economic opportunities. Access to financial services is severely restricted, especially for smallholder farmers. Only 12 per cent of households have access to credit. What is being done to tackle Malawi’s problems? In May 2002, the Government launched the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy (MPRS), with the goal of achieving â€Å"sustainable poverty reduction through empowerment of the poor† over a three-year period. The MPRS achieved a modest decline in poverty levels while real gross domestic product (GDP)  growth averaged only 1.5 per cent per annum. In 2005, the MPRS was reformulated as the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS), which remains the overarching policy framework for social and economic development. Under the MGDS, real GDP growth for 2006-09 averaged 8.4 per cent and is expected to continue to be strong, helped by increased revenue from mining. While growth was somewhat lower during 2009-10, it seems that Malawi will weather the global financial crisis. The fiscal deficit has been brought down, and debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative has greatly reduced the burden of debt service. Notwithstanding good recent performance, the a bility to maintain a level of economic growth to ensure poverty reduction remains limited by: ï‚ §the narrow economic base; ï‚ §the small domestic market; ï‚ §poor infrastructure/high transport costs; ï‚ §erratic power supply and heavy reliance on energy imports; ï‚ §the presence of the State in the business sector; ï‚ §Government intervention in key markets; ï‚ §and weak management capacity in the public and private sectors. Agriculture provides over 80 per cent of exports and contributes some 34 per cent to GDP; services make up 46 per cent of GDP and industry 20 per cent. The performance of agriculture is therefore critical for the economy. Average growth in the sector is highly dependent on climatic factors, and reached nearly 7 per cent during the 1990s and 9 per cent between 2002 and 2006, with a drop to -9 per cent in the 2005 drought. Growth has subsequently recovered with improved seasonal conditions, boosted by the Farm Input Subsidy Programme. The Farm Input Subsidy Programme was launched in 2005-06 to increase agricultural production and ensure food security, by providing government-subsidized agricultural inputs to smallholding farmers. The scheme has coincided with a significant jump in maize production, although it is unclear how much of this is attributable to the subsidy and how much to improved seasonal conditions. The subsidy programme is now a firmly established pillar of agricultural policy. However, it presents a number of policy dilemmas: †¢the cost of the programme is so high that most  other initiatives have to be sidelined, including the extension and research services needed to ensure optimal use of the inputs; †¢the programme has tended to displace commercial input purchases by farmers; and the distribution of inputs has tended to favour the more food-secure households.

Race and Crime Essay

Are minorities continually being unfairly arrested, tried and punished as a result of racial discrimination or do minorities just commit more crimes? In order to determine if disparity or discrimination is the cause of current over representation of minorities in the criminal justice system we have to study race, ethnicity and past discriminatory judicial practices. Are the historical discriminatory practices and past laws the cause of the systematic imbalance of power in relation to race, class and discrimination within our society that leads to more crime among minorities today? There are many theories on why, how and even if race discrimination plays a significant role in explaining the current arrest and incarceration rates of minorities in the United States. Social strain theory, because it also involves the most restriction to important social aspects of society is the one I most agree with. In my experience restricted access to social and cultural capital is the cause for higher than expected crime rates among our citizens who lack these two important aspects of crime control. The inability to achieve success based on societies’ definition causes stain and alternative ways of thinking to achieve that level of success, which is sometimes outside the confines of the law. The term race has traditionally referred to the biological differences of mankind. The differences that distinguish us by the color of our skin, hair texture and certain physical features determine what race we are. Some experts contend that race is just a social construct and people are classified and labeled by the culturally dominant group in that society. This type of classification system tends to imply that one race is inferior to another (Walker et al pg 6). The term minority is used for any race that is less in numbers than the race in power. Currently in the United States the â€Å"majority† is considered to be Caucasian and the â€Å"minorities† are African Americans, Hispanics, Arab Americans, etc. There have been many historical examples of minorities being unfairly treated within the confines of our judicial system. â€Å"Race discrimination and social and economical inequality have a direct impact on crime and criminal justice† (Walker et al, pg 78). In the southern states during the 1800’s barriers were created in the laws to separate nonwhite persons from the majority, white persons called the Black Codes. These codes created a legal line of separation stating where blacks could and could not go in public, what land they could own and how they could earn a living. The term, Color Line encompassed everything involving what water fountains and bathrooms â€Å"coloreds† could use and where they could stand or sit in public spaces. The Jim Crow laws of the 1900 were also racist laws and actions that deprived African Americans civil rights, claiming blacks were inferior to the whites and were lower class people. â€Å"The colored sign was the most visible mark of inferiority imposed upon African Americans by the Jim Crow laws† (Davis PhD). The punishment for breaking these laws and codes were mob lynching, serving prison time on chain gangs and debilitating debt imposed by sharecropping attempts to make a living (Davis PhD). Previous laws and codes set the stage for economic inequality of minorities in the United States. Income, wealth, unemployment are the standard measure of economic inequality. â€Å"All of these measures indicate deep and persistent inequality in society generally and with respect to race and ethnicity† (Walker et al pg, 79). In order to determine if race discrimination has the major contributor to minority over representation in the criminal justice system we must rule out the idea of disparity being the cause of overrepresentation. The concept of disparity in the criminal justice system refers to differences in say incarceration rates of a certain race but not because of systematic race discrimination. Disparity is a way to explain the high numbers of minorities as criminal perpetrators with legitimate factors. These factors could include, minorities commit more crimes, not because police officers, judges and juries are racists. Crime arrest and convictions could be solely based on legal factors. These legal factors include the seriousness of offense, mitigating circumstances and previous criminal records. These factors opposed to extralegal factors that include race, class, gender and lifestyle (Walker et al, pg 18). If arrest and conviction rates were based solely on legal factors with no weight given to extralegal factors, a high minority count would be considered disparity not systematic discrimination on part of the criminal justice system. To determine if only legal factors and not extralegal factors are the cause of an overrepresentation of minorities in the criminal justice system much more research needs to be conducted. If the cause of high incarceration rates is because of disparity instead of discrimination there is one theory I feel explains why there is disparity. The Social Strain Theory explains the causes of disparity among minorities that leads to higher rates of arrests and incarceration rates. â€Å"Robert Merton’s social stain theory holds that each society has a dominant set of values and goals along with acceptable means of achieving them† (Walker et al, pg 92). If success in life is measured by your social status, involving what you own, where you live and who you know then that is your personal goals for success. The ways to achieve this success are seen as hard work, education, self-control and as individual achievements (Walker et al, pg 92). If the American dream is not realized by a group of people because of societies inability to provide equal levels of educational and work opportunities to achieve success it results in what Merton’s calls social strain. Merton’s theory of social strain addresses the gap between what society views as success and a persons circumstances are for trying to achieve that success. (Walker et al, pg 92). Social strain helps to explain high rates of criminal activity among minorities because minorities are more likely to be denied legal opportunities to obtain the American dream by legal means. â€Å"The high levels of economic inequality experienced by minorities, together with continuing discrimination based on race and ethnicity, mean that minorities are far less likely to be able to achieve approved social goals through conventional means† (Walker et al, pg 93). In conclusion I believe minorities do commit more crimes today, but that is because of a history of discrimination and blocked opportunities to achieve social and cultural capital. The ruling class, the majority, because of past-institutionalized and systematic discrimination has created what we have today, a disparity among minorities involved in our criminal justice system. Therefore even though we have curbed contextual and individual acts of discrimination we have yet to address past discrimination in a meaningful way while still upholding the law. Bibliography Davis, Ronald L. F. Ph. D. California State University, Northridge. Creating Jim Crow. History of Jim Crow retrieved on June 2, 2011 from http://jimcrowhistory. org/history/creating. htm Lafree, G. & Russell, K. K. (1993). The argument for studying race and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. 4, 273-289. Walker, S, Spohn, C, & DeLone, M. (2007). The Color of Justice: Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. Wadsworth Publishing Co.

Amadeus Film Citique

The director fashioned an experience for viewers to become familiar with historical aspects of Mozart life and career, but also created imagery that aided in the embellishment of the composers relationships. A variety of these historical events were romanticizes for the sake of entertainment (Robbins). The film begins In the setting of young Mozart prodigy years, depicts his career as a highly acclaimed composer within Europe. The narrator is competing composer, Antonio Saltier.Amadeus plot, essentially, is Galleries solemn account of his constant rivalry, jealousy, and persistence to cause Mozart ultimate demise. The accuracy of two key relationships or events have been widely criticized within the isotonic, musical, and entertainment community. Most obvious is the dynamic of the relationship between Mozart and Saltier. In the film, Mozart is depicted as the bane of Galleries existence. Jealousy, disdain, and an eventual hunger for revenge backfires on the angst ridden musician.Saltier uses his political standing to influence the courts to contract Mozart to be resident musician, essentially working him to death (Amadeus). It Is evidenced, In letters from Mozart memoir that Saltier did lad In getting him this position, but not out of spite or with In bad conscience. There Is also scene in which Saltier uses his position to keep Mozart from receiving the job of being a prestigious music instructor for a European princess, but in reality, Saltier actually filled the position as a result of having more experience than young musician (Bloom, peg 263).Shaffer is said to have capitalized on Alexander Pushpins poetic drama, Motorcars I Slayers, which describes Saltier poisoning Mozart to death (Mormon). Historically, it is recorded that in the last hours of his life, Mozart requested for a choir composed of his dearest friends to privately perform his final piece, Requiem (Exultant). Although he had been commissioned by a private messenger to compose Requiem for a patrons funeral, his own early demise kept It him from completing It.Letters show that Mozart requested former student, Franz Summary, to complete It If he passed (leaflets). Conversely, the film ends In a moment of utter irony. Saltier is seated at Mozart deathbed, taking cues and direction from the ill historically legitimate, the portrayal of Mozart wife, Constance, depicts her in shambles as she continuously monitors Mozart in his ill state (Exultant). Fact and film, like, both show that the composer was overworked, but obsessed with his mission, and struggled to keep up with an ideal standard of living.After the musicians death, Constants still strove to provide the same standard of living for her family, and contact ed Summary to finish the Requiem so she could receive the payment originally promised by the private commissioner (Exultant). Interviews have provided insight as to why Shaffer and Foreman claimed such freedom with creativity concerning the accuracies and untruths concerning the film: From the start we agreed upon one thing: we were not making an objective Life of Knolling Mozart. This cannot be stressed too strongly.Obviously Amadeus on stage Nas never intended to be a documentary biography of the composer, and the film is even less of one. Certainly we have incorporated many real elements, new as well as true But we are also blatantly claiming the grand license of the storyteller to embellish his tale with fictional ornament and, above all, to supply it with a climax Noose sole Justification need be that it enthrall his audience and emblazons his theme. I believe that we have created Just such a climax for the film of Amadeus . Peter Shaffer (Robbins). Culturally, the film has made a noted impact on the modern music scene.Fall Out Boy, a popular rock band in the early sasss, referenced a conversation between the character, Saltier, and God in their song titled, From Now on, Were Enemies. Several other heavy metal bands reference the agony and internal conflict between the jealous musician and God, in their lyrics. More recognizable scenes from Amadeus have been parodied by various sitcoms and cartoons such as Family Guy, The Simpson, 30 Rock, and How I Met Your Mother (Root). In 1985, contributors of the film were awarded with eight different Oscar awards, accompanied by thirteen nominations in total. It was nominated for eight Golden Globe awards and won four. Shaffer and Foremans Amadeus, has maintained a position in the top 250 movies of all time, on Minds website, at 88th place (Midi). Rhea film, rated R, stylistically similar to a dramatic musical, and having historical relevance, appeals to nearly legal through more aged adults who are also educated and have heightened musical inclinations. Although younger adults may perceive the film through slightly different vantage points than older adults, most could equally relate as a result of the subject matter being relatively dated to the even the elder of the viewers.

Ammianus Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ammianus - Assignment Example Gestae 31.4 the preferable perspective is that the battle was roman induced against Gothic since they were not settled and suffered hardships in the process of getting used to the Roman system. In support of this perspective, Ammianus’ Res Gestae 31.4 argues that the battle began in 376 after the death of Christ; the Goths after being displaced decided to get refuge in the Roman Empire. This is in the hope that they would get used to farming and become soldiers. On reaching the empire, the Gothic began revolts led by Lupinicus and Maximus since they were undergoing hardships in the hands of the Romans. As a result of these attacks by Gothic, the Roman emperor in 378 after death of Christ decided to retaliate with reinforcement from his allies and the Gothic claimed for some Roman territory in order to stop the battle. This made the emperor furious and combined the army into seven legions composed of war veterans. They aimed at capturing and enslaving the Gothic and to take over the lost territories (Ammianus’ Res Gestae 31.4) Ammianus’ Res Gestae 31.4 describes this perspective as preferable since there is evidence that the Gothic tried to take over the Roman Empire as a result of the hardships they went through. This came in a bid to stop the harshness that they were receiving from the Romans who were supposed to offer homage to the

Freedom of Speech and a Free Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom of Speech and a Free Government - Essay Example One of the areas that free speech is universally held as sacred is the freedom of religion or even the freedom from religion. (Matthew D. Bunker, 2001).One of the interesting facts of life is that the Supreme Court has never decided what free speech is. The court has allowed that free speech is associated with the search for truth. Even unpopular opinions are allowed the right of free speech. Freedom of speech is very important in the development of political stances that individuals might take.   Through freedom of speech various ideas can be developed and debated in order to establish a defensible position. It has been said that the right to express ourselves and the right of others to hear us contributes to the ordinary happiness of human beings, in general. With that being said, there are things not protected by freedom of speech. One cannot obstruct the recruiting or enlistment for people to serve in the military. Libelous talk or press and false advertising are also restricte d.   In general it is not permissible to wear gang colors to school or to wear anything that promotes hatred. Also not covered by free speech are personal threats of violence made against a government worker or an educator. The First Amendment of the American Constitution is perhaps one of the best known governmental documents of all time. The government as created by the representatives would be composed of three branches. The executive would be the leader of the entire union supported by a two house legislature.

Annotated Bibliography Assignment (free internet on campus) Essay

Annotated Bibliography Assignment (free internet on campus) - Essay Example Similarly, the teachers utilize the Internet to supplement their lessons. In essence, the Internet has benefited education by opening up a substantial amount of knowledge to a broader range of students. Anderson, Janna, Boyles, Jan, and Rainie, Lee. â€Å"The future impact of the Internet on higher education.† Pew Research Center. Web. 23 Mar 2015 Anderson, Boyles, and Rainie examine the impacts that the Internet will present to the higher education in the future. The comprehensive research indicates that advancement in technology will compel the institutions of higher learning to expand online courses and change the credentialing structures. The research, which targets the policymakers in education, articulates the positive impacts of the Internet such as increased collaboration, massive online course, and a shift in the instructional methods. The article will be helpful in the research, as it will offer the future perspective of the Internet. Specifically, the article’s findings will inform the recommendation section to show the significance of providing free Internet on campus. The source is valid because it comes from a credible research institute and the authors demonstrate huge expertise in their fields. In addition, the article has explored the subject matter from different dimensions as opposed to one perspective. Andrew, a professor at Deakin University, refutes the popular view that technology can solely enhance the learning experience. The article, which targets the instructors, indicates that a problem in the instrumental view of the Internet exists. The findings of the article emphasize the significance of examining technology from the social, political, and ethical perspectives. The author argues that socio-economic factors have implications on the Internet. The source is credible